tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-72909524145497727572024-03-08T15:53:29.678-08:00English is EasyLet's learning English easilyMuhammad Lukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07015857698522053780noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7290952414549772757.post-47944188953231530472016-08-30T22:15:00.000-07:002016-08-30T22:15:22.907-07:00Verbs<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Verbs </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">are the words in a
sentence that describe the action of a sentence or that introduce the condition
or state of someone or something in the sentence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Action: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Anna <i>throws </i>the
ball.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Introduction of a condition: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Trent <i>is </i>very
sick.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">There are many <i>action verbs</i>.
Those that can have a direct object are often called <i>transitive verbs</i>. Here
is a list of some commonly used transitive verbs. Note that they can be used
with a direct object.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Transitive Verbs Used in a Sentence<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">buy He
buys a newspaper.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">carry I
am carrying the child.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">find Can
you find the book?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">help She
helps us.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">like I
don’t like cabbage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">lose Don’t
lose your money.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">read She
is reading a book.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">pull The
dentist pulled the tooth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">push The
boy pushes the cart.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">sell I
am selling my car.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">speak Father
speaks Spanish.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">write We
are writing some postcards.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">understand Do you understand me?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Intransitive verbs </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">are not followed by a
direct object. They often show a movement to a place and are sometimes followed
by a prepositional phrase. Following is a list of some commonly used intransitive
verbs:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Intransitive Verbs Used in a Sentence</span></b><b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">come Can
you come to the party?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">crawl The
baby crawls on the floor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">drive We
are driving fast.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">fly I
flew here from Paris.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">go Are
you going home?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">hurry We
hurry to the window.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">jump Peter
jumps from the roof.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ride I
am riding in his car.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">run The
girls run past the school.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">sail We
are sailing to Europe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">travel Do
you want to travel with us?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">walk I
walk out of the theater.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Still other verbs introduce the
condition or state of someone or something. They do not take a direct object
and are most often followed by an adjective. These verbs are usually called <i>linking</i>
<i>verbs</i>. Here are some commonly used linking verbs:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Linking Verbs Used
in a Sentence<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">appear The
boy appears quite well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">be I
am hungry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">become The
weather becomes bad.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">feel It
feels hot.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">grow The
dog is growing weak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">look She
looks unhappy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">seem The
coat seems too small for you.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">smell The
pizza smells good.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">sound The
music sounds awful.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">taste The
popcorn tastes salty.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Careful! Some of the linking verbs have
a second usage. They can be used as transitive verbs. Look at these examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Linking Verb: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">His skin feels <i>hot</i>.
(<i>hot </i>= adjective)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Transitive Verb: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">He feels <i>a sharp
pain</i>. (<i>a sharp pain </i>= direct object)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Linking Verb: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">The sky grows <i>cloudy</i>.
(adjective)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Transitive Verb: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">We grow <i>vegetables</i>.
(direct object)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Linking Verb: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">That smells <i>beautiful</i>.
(adjective)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Transitive Verb: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">She smells <i>the
flowers</i>. (direct object)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Linking Verb: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">My coffee tastes <i>bitter</i>.
(adjective)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Transitive Verb: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Raisa tasted <i>the
ice cream</i>. (direct object)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">You can identify linking verbs by
substituting <i>am</i>, <i>is</i>, or <i>are </i>for the verb. If the sentence
makes sense with the substitution, it is a linking verb. If it does not make
sense, it is a transitive verb. Some examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> It
feels cold. (It <i>is </i>cold.) <i>This makes sense. </i>= Linking Verb<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> He
feels her pulse. (He <i>is </i>her pulse.) <i>This makes no sense. </i>=
Transitive Verb<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> They
smell nice. (They <i>are </i>nice.) <i>This makes sense. </i>= Linking Verb<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> We smell coffee.
(We <i>are </i>coffee.) <i>This makes no sense. </i>= Transitive Verb</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Muhammad Lukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07015857698522053780noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7290952414549772757.post-2883104536997368542016-08-30T22:09:00.000-07:002016-08-30T22:09:09.446-07:00Personal Pronouns<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns. The English
personal pronouns are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> <b>Singular
Plural<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">First Person</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">I we<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Second Person</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">you you<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Third Person</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">he, she, it they<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Notice that <i>you </i>is both singular and plural. When speaking
to one person, say <i>you</i>. When speaking to two or more persons, say <i>you</i>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Tim, <i>you </i>are a very good student.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> Bruno and Rene, </span><i style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: -18pt;">you </i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: -18pt;">have to study more.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Just as nouns have gender, pronouns also do. <i>I</i>, <i>we</i>,
and <i>you </i>can be used by males or females. <i>He </i>is always masculine, <i>she
</i>is always feminine, and <i>it </i>is always neuter. The plural of the
third-person pronouns is always <i>they</i>, whether masculine, feminine, or
neuter. And just like nouns, pronouns can be used as:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
</div>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: -18pt;">the subject of a sentence</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: -18pt;">a direct object</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: -18pt;">an indirect object</span></li>
</ol>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">But when used as a direct object or indirect object, some of the pronouns
change:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Subject Direct
Object Indirect Object<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">I me
me<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">you you
you<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">he him
him<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">she her
her<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">it it
it<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">we us us<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">you (plural) you
you<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">they them
them<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">If a pronoun replaces a noun in the sentence, it must have the same
characteristics as the noun: the same number (singular or plural), the same
gender (masculine, feminine, or neuter), and the same use in the sentence
(subject, direct object, or indirect object). Look at these examples where the
pronoun replaces the italicized noun:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Joseph </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">is a hard worker. </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;">>></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> <i>He
</i>is a hard worker.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">(singular masculine noun/subject) (singular
masculine pronoun/subject)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Do you know <i>the girls</i>? >></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> Do
you know <i>them</i>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">(plural noun/direct object) (plural
pronoun/direct object)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">We gave <i>Mrs. Jones </i>some flowers. </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;">>></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> We gave <i>her </i>some flowers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">(singular feminine noun/ indirect object) (singular feminine pronoun/indirect object)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Notice that the nouns and pronouns are in the third person. This
is true when a pronoun replaces a noun. But
when a noun or pronoun is combined with the first-person singular pronoun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">I</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">, it is replaced by the first-person plural pronoun <i>we </i>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"> </span></span><i style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">You and I </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: -18pt;">have work to do. </span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">>></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> <i>We </i>have work
to do.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: -18pt;">He helps <i>the girls and me</i>. </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;">>></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> He helps <i>us</i>.</span></li>
</ul>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "NewBaskerville-Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: NewBaskerville-Roman;">When
you change a direct object noun to a direct object pronoun, you must add </span><i><span style="font-family: "NewBaskerville-Italic","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: NewBaskerville-Italic;">to
</span></i><span style="font-family: "NewBaskerville-Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: NewBaskerville-Roman;">or </span><i><span style="font-family: "NewBaskerville-Italic","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: NewBaskerville-Italic;">for </span></i><span style="font-family: "NewBaskerville-Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: NewBaskerville-Roman;">before
the indirect object noun or pronoun. The indirect object becomes the object of
the preposition </span><i><span style="font-family: "NewBaskerville-Italic","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: NewBaskerville-Italic;">to </span></i><span style="font-family: "NewBaskerville-Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: NewBaskerville-Roman;">or
</span><i><span style="font-family: "NewBaskerville-Italic","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: NewBaskerville-Italic;">for</span></i><span style="font-family: "NewBaskerville-Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: NewBaskerville-Roman;">. Place the prepositional phrase
after the direct object. For example:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: NewBaskerville-Roman, serif; text-indent: -18pt;">I gave Jay </span><b style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "NewBaskerville-Bold","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: NewBaskerville-Bold;">a
book</span></b><span style="font-family: NewBaskerville-Roman, serif; text-indent: -18pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;">>> </span><span style="font-family: ZapfDingbats; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: NewBaskerville-Roman, serif; text-indent: -18pt;">I
gave </span><b style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "NewBaskerville-Bold","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: NewBaskerville-Bold;">it </span></b><span style="font-family: NewBaskerville-Roman, serif; text-indent: -18pt;">to
Jay.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: NewBaskerville-Roman, serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">We buy her </span><b style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "NewBaskerville-Bold","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: NewBaskerville-Bold;">flowers</span></b><span style="font-family: NewBaskerville-Roman, serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">.
</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">>> </span><span style="font-family: ZapfDingbats; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: NewBaskerville-Roman, serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">We
buy </span><b style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "NewBaskerville-Bold","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: NewBaskerville-Bold;">them </span></b><span style="font-family: NewBaskerville-Roman, serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">for
her.</span></li>
</ul>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Nouns or pronouns can be used to
complete <i>a prepositional phrase</i>. That is a phrase made up of a
preposition and a noun or a pronoun. Here are some of the most commonly used
prepositions: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> after,
behind, between, for, from, in, near, on, of, through, to, with, without<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Look at these sample prepositional
phrases:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">after the concert behind me<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">between the girls for you<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">from a friend in him<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">near the city on it<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">of a book through her<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">to a student with us<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">without the money without them<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">In a prepositional phrase, use the same
form of the pronoun that is used as a direct or indirect object:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Subject Pronoun Direct or Indirect Object Prepositional Phrase<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">I me
after
me<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">you you
behind
you<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">he him
for
him<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">she her
from
her<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">it it
in
it<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">we us
between
us<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">they them
near
them<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Muhammad Lukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07015857698522053780noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7290952414549772757.post-43858906558124788252016-08-28T22:24:00.002-07:002016-08-28T22:24:53.496-07:00AdjectivesAdjectives are words that describe nouns. They tell the size, color, or quality of something: a big room, the red car, four interesting books. Here are some commonly used adjectives:<br />
<br />
beautiful fast loud tall<br />
big funny old terrible<br />
black handsome quiet thirsty<br />
boring interesting right ugly<br />
careful late sad young<br />
careless little short white<br />
early long slow wrong<br />
<br />
Just like nouns, adjectives can follow the predicate. They most often come after forms of the verbs to be and to become :<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>My sister was very sad.</li>
<li>The horse suddenly became thirsty.</li>
<li>My grandfather is old.</li>
</ul>
Muhammad Lukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07015857698522053780noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7290952414549772757.post-45081204681438188392016-08-28T22:17:00.000-07:002016-08-28T22:17:19.176-07:00Definite and Indefinite Articles<div style="text-align: justify;">
The English definite article is the. It is used to identify a particular person or thing. If you are speaking about someone or something you are already familiar with, you use the with the noun. Look at these examples:</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>I already know the man.</li>
<li>She met the women who won the lottery.</li>
<li>This is the book that I told you about.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The indefinite article is used to describe someone or something that is unfamiliar to you or about which you are speaking in general. There are two forms: a and an. Use a before a word beginning with a consonant. Use an before a word beginning with a vowel. Look at these examples:</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>He sees a stranger on the corner.</li>
<li>Did you buy an apple or an orange?</li>
<li>Is the woman a good lawyer?</li>
<li>She has an idea.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Compare the difference between the definite and indefinite article by using these sentences:</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>I want an apple. (I do not see an apple. But I feel hungry for one.)</li>
<li>I want the apple. (I am choosing between the apple and the orange that I see before me.)</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The definite article for plural nouns is also the. But there is no indefinite article for plural nouns. The plural articles are used in the same way as the singular articles.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Singular Definite Singular Indefinite Plural Definite Plural Indefinite</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
the boy a boy the boys boys</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
the house a house the houses houses</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
the idea an idea the ideas ideas</div>
Muhammad Lukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07015857698522053780noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7290952414549772757.post-10261054068123665522016-08-28T22:09:00.000-07:002016-08-28T22:09:32.441-07:00NounsNouns can be either proper or common. Proper nouns are those that refer to a particular person, place, thing, or idea. Such nouns are capitalized: America, George Washington, Mr. Neruda, October.<br />
<br />
Nouns that do not refer to a particular person, place, thing, or idea are common nouns. They are not capitalized: land, girls, money, test.<br />
<br />
Compare the following list of proper and common nouns:<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Proper Nouns </b> <b>Common Nouns</b><br />
Mexico country<br />
Ms. Finch woman<br />
English language<br />
McGraw-Hill publisher<br />
American Airlines company<br />
December month<br />
<br />
Nouns can be used as the subject of a sentence. The subject is the word that is performing the action in the sentence. The subject can be a proper noun or a common noun, and it can be singular or plural:<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>Juanita is a friend of mine.</li>
<li>The boys like to play soccer.</li>
<li>Where is the school?</li>
</ul>
<br />
Nouns can also be used as direct objects. The direct object in a sentence is the noun that receives the action of the verb. To find the direct object in a sentence do three things:<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li>Find the subject of the sentence.</li>
<li>Find the verb in the sentence.</li>
<li>Ask whom or what with the subject and the verb.</li>
</ol>
<br />
Look at these sample sentences:<br />
<br />
<b>“Sara likes my brother.” </b> <b>“The girls find a book.”</b><br />
1. subject = Sara 1. subject = girls<br />
2. verb = likes 2. verb = find<br />
3. ask whom = Whom does Sara Like 3. ask what = What do the girls find?<br />
The direct object is my brother The direct object is book.<br />
<br />
Nouns are sometimes indirect objects. They stand before the direct object in the sentence. It is the<br />
person to whom or for whom something is provided. To find the indirect object in a sentence do three things:<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li>Find the subject of the sentence.</li>
<li>Find the verb in the sentence.</li>
<li>Ask to whom or for whom with the subject and the verb.</li>
</ol>
<br />
Look at these sample sentences:<br />
<b>“Justin buys the girl a magazine.” “Mother gives Nate five dollars.”</b><br />
1. subject = Justin 1. subject = Mother<br />
2. verb = buys 2. verb = gives<br />
3. ask to whom or for whom For 3. ask to whom or for whom To whom<br />
whom does Justin buy a magazine? does Mother give five dollars?<br />
The indirect object is girl. The indirect object is Nate.<br />
<br />
<b>Note</b>: It is rare that something inanimate is used as an indirect object.<br />
<br />
When a noun is used as a predicate noun, it follows the predicate in the sentence. The predicate can be a single verb or a verb phrase:<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><b>Verb as the predicate:</b> Maria helps us.</li>
<li><b>Verb phrase as the predicate:</b> Maria usually helps with the gardening.</li>
</ul>
<br />
Predicate nouns most often follow the verbs to be and to become:<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>My mother wants to be a doctor.</li>
<li>Celine became an actress.</li>
<li>Are you the manager of this building?</li>
</ul>
Muhammad Lukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07015857698522053780noreply@blogger.com0